Review of Arts and Humanities

Fall of a Democratic State in Afghanistan: An Analysis of Forced Deportation of Afghan Migrants from Pakistan
Mohammad Toufeeq Shalizi, Rajesh Kumar, and Kusum L Azad

Abstract
Due to fall of the government of Islamic republic of Afghanistan and control of the capital, Kabul, by the Taliban regime in 14 Agust 2021, most of the elite community included elected president Mohammad Ashraf Ghani left Kabul toward abroad to preventconcerns of persecution and torture. During the last four decades, millions of Afghan people fled to Pakistan, Iran, India and abroad due to political unrests and civil wars held in Afghanistan.Although,the dispersed refugees took asylum and later resettled in the destination countries as USA, Germany, Canada, Australia and European countries, but majority of them still remains as refugeedue to lack of eligible criteriaand required documents for the resettlement programs. Additionally, millions of the Afghan nationals displaced within the country and lost their near and dears during the internal conflicts. After the establishment of the government in 2001,estimated four million of Afghan refugees dispersed to Pakistan and Iran voluntarily repatriated back to Afghanistan.Thewillingly repatriation and rehabilitation program was assistedbythe UNHCR and their stakeholders to bring cherish to immigrants" life in their motherland.Latently, the government of Pakistanformed deportation policy andstarted forced deportation of millions of Afghan refugees following torture and imprisonment due to lack of legal residing documents.Likewise, thousandsof the deportedAfghan nationals are the part of previous government,and they face torture or persecution by the rulingregime back in Afghanistan. The paper focuses on the violation of international instruments for the protection of individuals done by the government of Pakistan, similarlyanalysis the forced deportation of millions of Afghan refugees from Pakistan, and portray the rehabilitation programs either in eastern or southern border part of Afghanistan implemented by the international communitieswith the collaboration of the government lead by the Islamic emirate in Afghanistan. The literatureused for the present paper is based on secondary data include updated news related to deportation of Afghans from Pakistan,latest migration policies of government of Pakistan and published research articles, reports of international communities and government led by the Islamic emirate in Afghanistan on deportation and rehabilitation of afghan refugees from Pakistan.

Full Text: PDF     DOI: 10.15640/rah.v12a3